Class action suits tab use hote hain jab ek hi type ka nuksan bahut saare logon ko hua ho – jaise faulty product, misleading investment scheme, builder fraud, data breach, etc. Har victim separately case kare, to system collapse ho jayega. Isliye law allow karta hai ki ek representative plaintiff sab ke behalf pe case file kare.
Court sabse pehle yeh dekhta hai ki “class” clearly define ho sakta hai ya nahi – kaun log included honge, unka grievance similar hai ya nahi, aur representative genuinely unka interest protect karega ya khud ka agenda chalega.
Class action ka biggest strength hai collective bargaining power. Company ya builder ko pata hota hai ki agar yeh case haara, to multiple claims ek saath settle karne padenge. Isse out-of-court settlement ka pressure bhi banta hai.
Lekin practical challenges bhi hain – data collect karna, class members ko notify karna, settlement distribution manage karna. Phir bhi, mass wrongs ke context me yeh model individual suits se zyada effective maana ja raha hai.
